Which of the following is not used to differentiate between soil types such as sand, loam, and clay?

Texture is indeed a primary characteristic used to differentiate between soil types like sand, loam, and clay. Each type of soil has distinct textural qualities based on the size of its particles: sand is gritty, clay is smooth and sticky, while loam is a balanced mixture.

Color, permeability, and moisture retention also provide valuable insights into soil characteristics.

Color can indicate organic matter presence and soil health, while permeability relates to how easily water and air can flow through the soil, which varies significantly among soil types. Moisture retention reflects the soil's ability to hold water, a key trait that varies distinctly among sand (low retention), loam (moderate retention), and clay (high retention). Thus, while texture is crucial for differentiation, the other factors play significant roles in understanding soil behaviors and functions.