What should be assessed to determine soil type before excavation?

Determining soil type before excavation is crucial for planning and executing any excavation project effectively. Assessing soil composition provides comprehensive information about the minerals, organic matter, and overall makeup of the soil, which directly affects its stability, drainage capabilities, and suitability for construction.

Soil composition encompasses details like the ratios of sand, silt, and clay, as well as the presence of any organic material or contaminants. This understanding helps in making informed decisions about excavation techniques, equipment, and potential challenges, such as ensuring adequate drainage or preventing soil erosion.

Other factors, such as soil color, texture, and moisture content, can provide helpful insights, but they do not offer the same level of detail regarding the fundamental characteristics that define soil behavior under load and environmental conditions. For example, while soil texture relates to the size of soil particles and can influence drainage and compaction, it does not give a complete picture of what the soil is made of. Thus, soil composition is the most critical factor to assess before excavation begins.