What is the definition of 'grade' in construction terms?

In construction terms, the concept of "grade" refers to the ratio of vertical rise to horizontal distance, which is expressed mathematically as 'rise over run.' This measurement is crucial when designing and analyzing slopes, such as those encountered in excavation and grading work. Understanding grade helps ensure that drainage is effectively managed and that structures are built with adequate stability and safety.

Using 'rise over run' as a definition allows professionals in the field to communicate clearly about slopes. For example, if an embankment rises 5 feet over a horizontal distance of 20 feet, the grade would be a ratio of 5:20 or simplified to 1:4, indicating that for every 4 horizontal units, there is a 1-unit rise. This information guides decisions related to construction methods, material requirements, and land use planning.