During a grading project, what is the result of excessive compaction?

Excessive compaction primarily leads to reduced drainage within the soil. When soil is compacted too much, the spaces between the soil particles become significantly smaller, which decreases porosity. This reduced porosity limits the ability of water to flow through the soil, leading to poor drainage. Water can pool on the surface or become trapped in the soil, potentially causing issues such as erosion or the saturation of the upper layers, which can negatively affect the stability of the site and any structures built upon it.

Understanding the balance in compaction is crucial in grading projects, as proper compaction enhances soil stability and strength, but excessive compaction can undermine these benefits by hindering water movement.