An instrument used to measure horizontal changes and elevations is a ________?

A dumpy level or builder's level is an essential instrument in construction and surveying, specifically designed to measure horizontal changes and elevations accurately. This tool consists of a telescope mounted on a horizontal base and is equipped with leveling screws that allow the instrument to be adjusted so that it is perfectly level.

Once the dumpy level is set up, it provides a precise horizontal line from which measurements can be taken. Surveyors and builders utilize this tool to determine ground level, ensure that the foundation is laid correctly, and maintain uniform heights across a project. The ability to measure both horizontal distances and elevations makes the dumpy level indispensable in grading and excavating operations, as it contributes to the overall accuracy and quality of the work.

Other instruments mentioned, like the surveying rod, laser level, and tape measure, serve distinct purposes. The surveying rod is primarily used in conjunction with levels to read elevations but does not measure them on its own. A laser level provides a visual reference for elevation changes but does not measure distances in the same traditional way that a dumpy level does. A tape measure is simply for measuring length or distance, lacking the capability to gauge elevation. Each of these instruments has its own application in surveying and construction, but none encompass the complete functionality