Which excavation method is primarily used to create level surfaces?

The excavation method primarily used to create level surfaces is excavation and grading. This process involves both digging out soil (excavation) and then leveling or shaping the ground (grading) to ensure a flat or defined slope. The goal is to prepare the site for construction or other purposes by ensuring the surface is even and can support the weight of buildings or infrastructure.

This method is crucial in various types of construction projects because a level foundation is essential for structural integrity. If the ground is not properly graded, it can lead to uneven settling, drainage issues, and other complications that can undermine the stability of the project.

While cut and fill involves moving earth from one area to another to achieve a level surface, it is a part of the broader excavation and grading process. Compaction is focused on increasing soil density rather than shaping the surface, and shoring is related to supporting excavated sides to prevent collapse rather than preparing a level surface. Therefore, excavation and grading is the most comprehensive method for achieving the desired outcome of creating level surfaces.